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Screening
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Who needs it
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How often
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APGAR (a test to determine how well an infant tolerated the birthing process and is adapting to his or her new environment)
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All newborns
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1 minute and 5 minutes after birth
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Congenital hypothyroidism
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All newborns
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2 to 4 days of age
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Hearing loss
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All newborns
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Before leaving hospital or at 1 month of age
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Elevated lead levels
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All year-old infants* and children ages 1 to 5 years who are at average or increased risk
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Yearly
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Iron-deficiency anemia
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All infants between 6 and 12 months* and children ages 1 to 5 years who are at average or increased risk
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Yearly
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Newborn screenings (some states require 29 or more tests for infections and disorders)
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All newborns
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Before leaving hospital
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Phenylketonuria
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All newborns
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Before leaving hospital
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Prevention of dental caries
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Children ages 6 months to 5 years whose primary water source is deficient in fluoride
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At routine exams; first dental visit recommended at one year of age
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Sickle cell disease
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Newborns
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Birth to 2 months of age
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Visual impairments
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Children younger than 5 years
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At well-child/routine exams
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Immunization
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Who needs it
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How often
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Hepatitis B vaccine (monovalent)
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All infants
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At birth, between 1 and 4 months, and a final dose at 6 to 18 months
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Diphtheria
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All infants
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At 2 months, 4 months, 6 months, and a fourth dose six months after third dose
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Tetanus toxoids
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All infants
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At 2 months, 4 months, 6 months, and a fourth dose six months after third dose
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Acellular pertussis
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All infants
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At 2 months, 4 months, 6 months, and a fourth dose six months after third dose
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Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate
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All infants
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At 2 months and 4 months
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Inactivated poliovirus
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All infants
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At 2 months, 4 months, 6 to 18 months, and a booster at 4 to 6 years)
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Pneumococcal (conjugate)
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All infants
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At 2 months, 4 months, 6 months, and at 12 to 15 months
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Measles, mumps, rubella (MMR)
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All infants
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First dose between 12 and 15 months, and the second dose at ages 4 to 6 years, or before starting kindergarten
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Chickenpox (varicella)
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Those infants who have not contracted chickenpox
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Between 12 and 15 months, and the second dose at ages 4 to 6 years
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Flu (seasonal); trivalent inactivated influenza
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All infants
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At 6 months, and then annually during flu season
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Hepatitis A
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All infants
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At ages 12 to 23 months, with a second dose at least six months after the first dose
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Rotavirus
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All infants
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At 2 months, 4 months, and 6 months (must be started before 14 weeks, 6 days of age)
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